WO3/γ-Bi2MoO6异质结的制备及其光催化性能

采用微波溶剂热法—浸渍法制备了WO₃/γ-Bi₂MoO₆纳米异质结复合可见光催化剂（简称光催化剂）,用XRD、SEM、XPS和UV-Vis分光光度法对其进行了表征。以甲基橙为目标降解物,考察了光催化剂的催化性能。表征结果显示：WO₃分散在γ-Bi₂MoO₆晶体表面,未进入晶格内部;与WO₃和γ-Bi₂MoO₆相比,WO₃/γ-Bi₂MoO₆在紫外和可见光区的吸收强度均有所提高,且对光的吸收发生了明显的红移,禁带宽度变窄;二者形成的p-n型异质结能及时有效地促进光生电子-空穴对的分离,提高催化活性。实验结果表明：WO₃/γ-Bi₂MoO₆的催化活性优于WO₃和γ-Bi₂MoO₆;在甲基橙溶液初始质量浓度为10 mg/L、光催化剂WO₃（1.0%）/γ-Bi₂MoO₆加入量为1 g/L时,反应3 h时甲基橙的降解率最高（达97.48%）,甲基橙溶液中TOC的去除率也最高（为92.0%）。     

铁氧化物复合氧化铝催化臭氧化过程中溴酸盐的生成控制简

以市售活性炭、硅藻土和氧化铝小球为载体，考察了负载铁基活性组分对催化臭氧化过程中溴酸盐的控制情况，其中，铁基复合氧化铝小球体现出更好的溴酸盐还原特性和催化剂稳定性，证实催化剂中铁氧化物是溴酸盐得到有效控制的主要活性组分。进一步考察了铁基复合氧化铝小球催化臭氧化处理实际原水过程中对溴酸盐的生成控制，以及反应过程中溶解性有机碳（DOC）的去除情况。结果表明，与单独臭氧化相比，该催化剂既能有效去除水中的溶解性有机物，又能明显抑制溴酸盐的生成，反应50 h，其活性并没有明显下降。催化剂失活主要归因于吸附位点数量的下降，可以通过负载铁氧化物来实现催化剂的再生。     

南京北郊春季地面臭氧与氮氧化物浓度特征

2009年3—5月,采用NO-NO2-NH3分析仪和O3分析仪对南京市北郊大气O3、NO、NO2和NOx浓度进行连续观测,研究南京北郊春季大气臭氧与氮氧化物浓度变化特征。结果表明:O3浓度的日变化呈单峰型结构,白天较高,夜晚较低,在06:00左右出现最低值,14:00左右出现峰值,且工作日的O3浓度值明显高于周末的O3浓度值。NOx的日变化呈现双峰型变化规律,早上07:00左右出现第1个峰值,下午14:00—15:00左右达到最低值,午夜23:00左右出现第2个峰值。从3—5月份,NO浓度明显下降,3月份的变化幅度比较大;NO2浓度则明显上升,5月份变化幅度较大。3—5月NO与O3之间呈显著的负相关关系,4—5月NO2、NOx与O3呈显著的负相关关系。     

电动力学技术去除剩余污泥中铜、锌条件优化

电动力学去除剩余污泥中重金属受到多种因素的影响,其中电解电压、电极面积、电极材料等都有较大的影响,很有必要进行条件优化研究。针对存在的问题,系统的研究了电解电压、电极面积、电极材料对电动力学修复过程的影响。研究表明,影响污泥中重金属Cu和Zn去除率的因素大小顺序为:电压电极面积电极材料;采用等于或低于氢析出电压进行电动力学修复时,更有利于提高污泥中重金属去除率;增大电极面积,提高了电流强度,有利于污泥中重金属的转化、迁移,从而提高污泥中重金属去除率;研究表明,采用低于氢析出电压和惰性电极可以有效避免电极被腐蚀。     

分段进水SBR短程生物脱氮过程中N2O产生及控制

利用SBR,控制曝气量为60 L/h,利用在线pH曲线控制曝气时间,成功实现了短程生物脱氮过程,并考察了不同进水方式下SBR运行性能及N2O产量。结果表明,分段进水能够有效降低短程生物脱氮过程中外加碳源投加量。在原水进水碳氮比较低时,采用递增进水量的进水方式,能够有效降低生物脱氮过程中NO-2积累量,从而降低系统N2O产量。1次进水、2次等量进水和2次递增进水方式下,生物脱氮过程中N2O产量分别为11.1、8.86和5.04 mg/L。硝化过程中NO-2-N的积累是导致系统N2O产生的主要原因。部分氨氧化菌(AOB)在限氧条件下以NH+4-N作为电子供体,NO-2-N作为电子受体进行反硝化,最终产物是N2O。     

A2O工艺中N2O的产生与逸散特征简

目前污水处理过程中产生温室气体的问题已经引起普遍关注。本文通过实验室小试，研究了不同污水水质条件下A²O工艺中N₂O的产生特征，以及氧化亚氮还原酶编码基因nosZ含量对N₂O产生量的影响。结果表明，在A²O工艺中的各单元均有N₂O产生，其中厌氧池产生量最大，约占总产生量的32%~85%；A²O工艺产生的N₂O主要通过逸散进入大气，少量随二沉池出水进入到环境中。N₂O的产生量与污泥中nosZ的含量成负相关，而碳源和DO对含有nosZ基因的反硝化细菌有明显的影响，低DO环境和充足的碳源能够极大的促进其含量的提高，从而显著减少N₂O的产生量。     

Preparation of a metal-phosphate/chromium oxide nanocomposite from Cr(III)-containing electroplating sludge and its optical properties as a nanopigment

A nanocomposite composed of metal-phosphates and chromium oxide was prepared from a Cr(III)-containing electroplating sludge (CES) by a facile three-step (extraction–precipitation–calcination) process. Optimal process parameters were determined, and the structure of the metal-phosphate/chromium oxide nanocomposite (MPCON) was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the optimal extraction pH is 2.0. The MPCON presents a polyhedral morphology with average particle size of around 100 nm. The components of MPCON vary from AlPO₄/Cr₂O₃ to Mg₃(PO₄)₂/AlPO₄/Cr₂O₃ at different solution pH during precipitation. Meanwhile, the optical performance of the nanocomposite as a pigment is discussed. The reflectance of MPCON-6.5 in the near-infrared range is around 56%, making it a strong prospect to be used as a functional pigment in energy-efficient buildings. This study proposes a novel recycling process for the conversion of CES into high-value products, which is beneficial for the treatment of waste.     

Impact of spiked concentrations of Cd,Pb, As and Zn in growth medium on elemental uptake of Nasturtium officinale (Watercress)

This study is aimed at investigating the impact of water quality on the uptake and distribution of three non-essential and toxic elements, namely, As, Cd and Pb in the watercress plant to assess for metal toxicity. The plant was hydroponically cultivated under greenhouse conditions, with the growth medium being spiked with varying concentrations of As, Cd and Pb. Plants that were harvested weekly for elemental analysis showed physiological and morphological symptoms of toxicity on exposure to high concentrations of Cd and Pb. Plants exposed to high concentrations of As did not survive and the threshold for As uptake in watercress was established at 5 ppm. Translocation factors were low in all cases as the toxic elements accumulated more in the roots of the plant than the edible leaves. The impact of Zn on the uptake of toxic elements was also evaluated and Zn was found to have an antagonistic effect on uptake of both Cd and Pb with no notable effect on uptake of As. The findings indicate that phytotoxicity or death of the watercress plant would prevent it from being a route of human exposure to high concentrations of As, Cd and Pb in the environment.     

Cu_2O/Bi_2MoO_6光催化剂的制备、表征与性质研究

通过溶剂热法成功合成了一系列不同掺杂比的Cu2O/Bi2MoO6复合纳米光催化剂,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外—可见漫反射光谱(DRS)等手段对所得产物进行表征。以染料结晶紫为模拟污染物,研究了所合成产物的光催化性能。结果表明,Cu、Mo摩尔比为0.08的复合纳米光催化剂的光催化效率最高,可见光照射100min对结晶紫溶液的降解率可达95.60%。此外,探讨了Cu2O掺杂量对光催化剂性能的影响,提出了可能的光催化反应机制。